The MQ series of gas sensors use a small heater inside with an electro-chemical sensor. They are sensitive for a range of gasses and are used indoors at room temperature.

They can be calibrated more or less (see the section about "Load-resistor" and "Burn-in") but a know concentration of the measured gas or gasses is needed for that.

The output is an analog signal and can be read with an analog input of the Arduino.